Political background of gloria macapagal arroyo

President of the State from 2001 to 2010

In that Philippine name for married women, leadership birth middle name or caring family name is Macaraeg, character birth surname or paternal cover name is Macapagal, and say publicly marital name is Arroyo.

Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (Tagalog:[ˈɡloɾjamakapaˈɡalʔaˈɾojo]; resident April 5, 1947^[3]), often referred to as PGMA or GMA, is a Filipino academic very last politician who served as dignity 14th president of the Archipelago from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president because Ferdinand Marcos. Before her administration, she was the 10th corruption president of the Philippines strip 1998 to 2001 under Guide Joseph Estrada, becoming the foremost female vice president. She was also a senator from 1992 to 1998. After her administration, she was elected as greatness representative of Pampanga's 2nd sector in 2010 and continues deal serve in this role. She also served as the spieler of the House from 2018 to 2019, and as second in com speaker from 2016 to 2017 and 2022 to 2023. Equidistant former president Sergio Osmeña, she is one of only a handful of Filipinos to hold at slightest three of the four farthest offices: vice president, president, lecturer house speaker.^[4]

Arroyo is the foremost president to succeed the rule as the child of fastidious previous president; her father was Diosdado Macapagal, the country's ordinal president from 1961 to 1965.^[5] She studied economics at Community University in the United States, where she became friends tally up her classmate and future U.S. president Bill Clinton.^[6] She redouble became a professor of financial affairs at the Ateneo de Light brown University, where her eventual peer, President Benigno Aquino III, was one of her students. She entered government in 1987 trade in assistant secretary and undersecretary go together with the Department of Trade subject Industry under President Corazon Aquino, Benigno's mother.

After Estrada was accused of corruption, Arroyo persistent from her cabinet position tempt secretary of the Department compensation Social Welfare and Development put up with joined the opposition against interpretation president. Estrada was ousted do without the Second EDSA Revolution talk to 2001, and Arroyo was in as president by Primary JusticeHilario Davide Jr. on Jan 20. The Oakwood mutiny occurred in 2003 during her administration.^[7][8] She was elected to clean full six-year term in grandeur controversial 2004 presidential election arm was sworn in on June 30, 2004. A long-time disputant of the death penalty,^[9] she abolished capital punishment in 2006 after commuting the death sentences of over 1,200 prisoners.^[10][11]

On Nov 18, 2011, Arroyo was prevent and held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City on charges of electoral sabotage^[12][13] but released on mortgage in July 2012. These excise were later dropped for insufficiency of evidence. She was rearrested in October 2012 on toll bill of fare of misuse of $8.8 meg in state lottery funds.^[14] She was given hospital arrest overcome to life-threatening health conditions.^[15] Nearby the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, the Supreme Court acquitted sit on by a vote of 11–4.^[16] Also, the Supreme Court announced the Department of Justice's 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional.^[17][18] Arroyo's lawyers stated afterward that she rebuff longer needed her medical paraphernalia.^[19]

Arroyo is a member of interpretation Philippine Academy of the Country Language^[20] and supported the individual instruction of Spanish in the country's education system during her presidency.^[21]

Early life

Arroyo was born as Tree Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on Apr 5, 1947, in San Juan, Rizal, Philippines, to lawyer Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Guico Macaraeg Macapagal. She interest the sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal Jr. She has fold up older siblings from her father's first marriage with Purita submit la Rosa, the sister fair-haired Rogelio de la Rosa,^[22] Arturo Macapagal and Cielo Macapagal Salgado.^[3][23] She was raised mostly pluck out Lubao, Pampanga and during season vacations, she lived with equal finish maternal grandmother in Iligan City.^[3][24]

She moved with her family turnoff Malacañang Palace in Manila during the time that her father became president. Clean municipality was named in mix honor, Gloria, Oriental Mindoro. She attended Assumption Convent for wise elementary and high school tending, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Corridor then studied for two ripen at Georgetown University's Walsh Secondary of Foreign Service in Pedagogue, D.C. where she was spruce classmate of future United States president Bill Clinton.^[25] She consequently earned her Bachelor of School of dance degree in Economics from Surmise College San Lorenzo graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

Personal life

In 1968, Arroyo married barrister and businessman Jose Miguel Wadi of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental.^[3] They have three children: including Juan Miguel (born 1969), ^[26] tell Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (born 1974). She received a master's degree in economics at loftiness Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Ph.D. in money from the University of nobleness Philippines Diliman (1985).^[27] From 1977 to 1987, she held instruction positions in several schools, inclusive of the University of the Land and the Ateneo de Fawn University. She became chairperson get on to the Economics Department at Supposal College.^{[28][better source needed]}

In 1987, she was salutation by President Corazon Aquino envisage join the government as subsidiary secretary of the Department regard Trade and Industry. She was promoted to undersecretary two era later. In her concurrent debit as executive director of grandeur Garments and Textile Export Surface, Arroyo oversaw the rapid expansion of the garment industry notes the late 1980s.^{[citation needed]}

Senator (1992–1998)

Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election, running for senator. Mix with the first general election entry the 1987 Constitution, the go mad twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, enthralled the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term.^[29] Ghyll ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, vertical the senatorial election with practically 16 million votes.

As spiffy tidy up legislator, Arroyo filed over Cardinal bills and authored or backered 55 laws during her occupancy as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Exportation Development Act.^[3] The 1995 Ancestry Act, which allows 100% tramontane ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from left political groups.^{[citation needed]} Arroyo was also openly against the surveillance of capital punishment in interpretation country, advocating instead for take pressure off criminal rehabilitation during her period as Senator.^[9]

Arroyo considered a people for the presidency in dignity 1998 election, but was confident by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the authority party Lakas-NUCD to instead weigh the vice-presidency as the say mate of its presidential applicant, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.^[30] Though the latter left behind to popular former actor Patriarch Estrada, Arroyo won the sin presidency by a large room, garnering more than twice authority votes of her closest contestant, Estrada's running mate Senator Edgardo Angara.^[31]

Arroyo began her term gorilla vice president on June 30, 1998, becoming the first individual to hold the post. She was appointed by Estrada collision a concurrent position in rank cabinet as secretary of collective welfare and development.^[30] As promote president, she was noted inured to political observers to continuously extract a neutral stance on issues facing the government.^[32]

Arroyo resigned depart from the Cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from Estrada, who was accused of corruption newborn a former political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor of Ilocos Sur.^[33] She had initially resisted drain liquid from from allies to speak withdraw against Estrada,^[34] but eventually united calls for Estrada's resignation.^[33]

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

First term (2001–2004)

Succession

The last quarter fence 2000 up to the have control over week of January 2001 was a period of political at an earlier time economic uncertainty for the Country. On January 16, 2001, greatness impeachment trial also took smart new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial while in the manner tha pro-Estrada senators prevented the aperture of an evidence (a chromatic envelope) containing bank records by all accounts owned by President Joseph Estrada. With the walkout, the prosecution trial was not completed courier Filipinos eventually took to significance streets in masses to last the clamor for President Estrada's resignation. From January 17 contact 20, 2001, hundreds of billions of Filipinos gathered at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the site of the inspired People Power Revolution. The outcry for a change in grandeur presidency gained momentum as many sectors of Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, socialist and rightist groups – wed what became known as EDSA II. Officials of the governance, the Armed Forces of nobleness Philippines (AFP) and the Filipino National Police (PNP), the admire led by Panfilo Lacson, extremely withdrew their support for Kingpin Estrada.

Days after leaving Malacañang Palace, President Estrada's lawyers added allies questioned the legitimacy allowance Arroyo's presidency before the Peerless Court, with Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago among the more clamorous politicians to call for sovereign reinstatement as president.^[35][36] Estrada reiterated that he had not legitimately resigned as president and give it some thought at most, Arroyo was equitable serving in an acting space. The high court, however, favorite unanimously to uphold the authority of Arroyo's succession. As capital consequence, Estrada no longer enjoys immunity from charges being filed against him.

In the remaining week of April 2001, greatness Sandiganbayan ordered the arrest remember Estrada and his son, substantiate mayor Jinggoy Estrada, for ravage charges. A few days succeeding, Estrada supporters protested his capture, gathered at the EDSA Enshrine, and staged what they cryed, EDSA III – comparing their actions to the People Govern revolution of 1986 and Jan 2001.^[37]

Thousands of protesters demanded righteousness release of Estrada. Eventually, they also called for the let out of Arroyo and the requital of the former. On May well 1, 2001, they marched in the direction of Malacañang to force Arroyo figure up give in to their pressing. Violence erupted when the protesters attempted to storm the statesmanlike palace and the military abide police were ordered to permissive their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a tide of rebellion because of grandeur violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were full to bursting and arrested.^[38] The so-called EDSA III was the first pretend political challenge to the Watercourse presidency.

Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny

Main article: Oakwood mutiny

The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Land on July 27, 2003. Unornamented group of 321 armed general public who called themselves "Bagong Katipuneros"^[39] led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV took over righteousness Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment pillar in Makati to show birth Filipino people the alleged degradation of the Gloria Macapagal Watercourse administration, believing that the chairperson was going to declare bellicose law.

Article VII Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution overtly states that the president not later than the Philippines can only keep back for one term. However, rank same provision also implicitly states that a president's successor who has not served for added than four years can unrelenting seek a full term convoy the presidency. Although Arroyo pelt under this category, she primarily announced on December 29, 2002, that she would not pursue the presidency in 2004. She emphasized that she would dedicate her remaining months in organization to serving the people at an earlier time improving the economy of position Philippines.^[40]

In October 2003, Arroyo transformed her mind and announced digress she will run in high-mindedness May 2004 presidential elections fairy story seek a direct mandate get out of the people. She explained, "There is a higher cause — to change a way desert flourishes our future".^[41] With see decision, the initial criticisms hurled against Arroyo centered on gather lack of word of accept.

As predicted by SWS dissolve polls, Arroyo won the plebiscite by a margin of accomplished one million votes against Writer. However, the congressional canvassing was quite contentious as opposition representative in the National Board contribution Canvassers argued that there were many discrepancies in the poll returns and that insinuations slow cheating were raised.^[42] On June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Ghyll and Noli de Castro chimpanzee president and vice president, mutatis mutandis.

Second term (2004–2010)

Main article: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign

On June 30, 2004, in organized break with tradition, Arroyo important delivered her inaugural speech fight the Quirino Grandstand in Manila.^[43] She then departed for Metropolis City for her oath taking,^[44] the first time that fine Philippine president took the devote of office outside of Island.

Allegations of cheating against Gorge gained momentum one year tail end the May 2004 elections. Blessed a press conference held corroboration June 10, 2005, Samuel Goof, former deputy director of significance National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Valley and an official of birth Commission on Elections (COMELEC).^[45]Virgilio Garcillano, a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as rectitude official talking to Arroyo.^[46] According to Ong, the recordings professedly proved that Arroyo ordered dignity rigging of the national elections for her to win saturate around one million votes antipathetic Poe.^[47]

The recordings of Ong became known as the Hello Garci controversy and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members have her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Pass to do the same. All ears June 27, 2005, Arroyo common to inappropriately speaking to dialect trig COMELEC official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement". She, however, denied influencing the phase of the elections and professed that she won the elections fairly.^[48] Arroyo did not leave despite the pressures coming differ various sectors of society.

The Hello Garci controversy became primacy basis of the impeachment instance filed against Arroyo in 2005;^[49] attempts to impeach Arroyo useless later that year.^[50] Another indictment case was filed against Pass in 2006 but was additionally defeated at the House supplementary Representatives.^[51][52]

In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an impeachment beef against Arroyo in connection concluded the issue of bribery. Paguia's complaint was based on distinction revelation of Pampanga Governor Bursting Panlilio that various governors reactionary half a million pesos spread Malacañang. The impeachment case, orangutan of the middle of Oct 2007, has already been referred to the House of Representatives Committee on Justice.

2006 Executive of emergency

Main article: 2006 accuse of emergency in the Philippines

On February 24, 2006, a quarter to take over the management was uncovered by authorities, hypothetically headed by Gen. Danilo In shape and other rightist military adventurists. General Lim and some glimpse his men were arrested.^[53] Indifference face the threat posed coarse enemies of the state, Wadi issued Presidential Proclamation 1017 allow used it as basis take away declaring a state of predicament throughout the Philippines. According rescue Arroyo, this declaration was appearance to quell the military insurgence, stop lawless violence, and advertise peace and stability.^[54][55] Presidential Account 1017 also empowered the polity to enforce warrantless arrests celebrated take over strategic private utilities companies.^[56] Several members of picture Senate, including Franklin Drilon, Francis Pangilinan, and Pia Cayetano, cursed the proclamation as it contravenes "the fundamental guarantees of authority Constitution, particularly the basic civilized liberties enshrined therein."^[57]

The state collide emergency existed for about reschedule week with the purpose translate curbing further violence, illegal rallies, and public disturbance throughout grandeur Philippines. The police and interpretation military dispersed demonstrators and protesters, especially those along EDSA. Divagation from General Lim, prominent personalities were also arrested in union with their alleged participation guarantee the attempt to overthrow blue blood the gentry government.^[53][55]

Presidential Proclamation 1017 was go uphill on March 3, 2006, however members of the opposition, unauthorized lawyers, and concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality before the Beyond compare Court.^[58] On May 4, glory high court declared the announcement constitutional; however, it also ruled it was illegal for blue blood the gentry government to implement warrantless arrests and seize private institutions remarkable companies.^[59]

Charter change

Arroyo spearheaded a questionable plan for an overhaul have possession of the constitution to transform influence present unitary and presidential situation with a bicameral legislature end a federal parliamentary government hash up a unicameral legislature.^[60]

K–12 implementation process

After decades of surveys, consultations, significant studies starting with the President Survey in 1925 during distinction American period, the 9-year deed process of K–12 curriculum ultimately began on May 20, 2008 during the Arroyo administration just as Senator Mar Roxas filed class Omnibus Education Reform Act reveal 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) interruption strengthen the Philippine education custom through timely interventions on picture quality of teachers, the mediocre of instruction used and dignity evaluation of students' aptitude, between other aspects. It mandates class effectivity of K–12 four grow older later on April 24, 2012 during the administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III which increase in the number nominate years in basic education, be bereaved 10 years to 12 age as consistent with global standards.^[61]

On January 7, 2010, senator elitist presidential candidate Benigno Aquino Tierce adopted the position of SB 2294; he said this last wishes "give everyone an equal wager to succeed" and "have unparalleled education and profitable jobs."^[62][63]

Economy

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Cut § Economy

Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in business, made the Philippine economy integrity focus of her presidency. Yearlong economic growth in the Archipelago averaged 4.5% during the Gully administration, expanding every quarter systematic her presidency.^[64] This is enhanced than in the administrations confront her three immediate predecessors, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), Fidel Ramos (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%).^[65] Significance Philippine economy grew at university teacher fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real Attendance growth exceeding 7%.^[66] The retrenchment was one of the meagre to avoid contraction during integrity 2008 global financial crisis, faring better than its regional nobility due to minimal exposure redo troubled international securities, lower habituation on exports, relatively resilient familial consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino workers, current a growing business process outsourcing industry.^[64] Arroyo's handling of primacy economy has earned praise getaway former US president Bill President, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine retrenchment back in shape.^[67] Despite that growth, the poverty rate remained stagnant due to uneven circulation of income.

A controversial distended value added tax (e-VAT) adjustment, considered the centerpiece of probity Arroyo administration's economic reform plan, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit.^[68] Her polity originally set a target telling off balance the national budget by means of 2010. The tax measure inflame confidence in the government's financial capacity and helped to confirm the Philippine peso, making nowin situation East Asia's best performing popularity in 2005–06.^[69] The peso reinforce by nearly 20% in 2007, making it one of Asia's better performing currencies for renounce year, a fact attributed scan a combination of increased remittances from overseas Filipino workers professor a strong domestic economy.^[70]

Early affluent her presidency, Arroyo implemented uncluttered controversial policy of holiday investment, adjusting holidays to form someone weekends with the purpose cut into boosting domestic tourism and granted Filipinos more time with their families.

Domestic policies

Main article: Saddle of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Domestic policies

Foreign policies

Main article: Presidency asset Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Foreign Policies

Administration and cabinet

Main article: Presidency concede Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Administration impressive cabinet

Public perception

The Social Weather Station public opinion group has conducted quarterly surveys tracking the netting satisfaction rating ("satisfied" rating impaired "dissatisfied" rating") of President Corridor. She began her presidency contain the first quarter of 2001 with a net satisfaction astronomical of +24. Her rating pass with flying colours dipped into the negative jagged the first quarter of 2003, making Arroyo the only chief to achieve a negative charm satisfaction rating in SWS discord polling. Her rating rebounded vigorous into the positive in 2004, in time for the statesmanlike election where she won choosing to a new six-year expression. However, net satisfaction sunk dumbfound into negative territory in rank fourth quarter of 2004, meticulous has remained negative since, plunging as low as −38 barge in the second quarter of 2008. Her net satisfaction rating problem the first quarter of 2009 was −32.^[71]

House of Representatives (2010–2019)

In November 2009, Arroyo formally announced her intention to run send off for a seat in the Territory of Representatives representing the Ordinal district of Pampanga, making go to pieces the second Philippine president – after Jose P. Laurel – to pursue a lower employment after the expiration of their presidency.^[72] A petition seeking set about disqualify Arroyo from the mercy was dismissed by the COMELEC for lack of merit, uncluttered decision which was later designated by the Supreme Court.^[73] Capable little serious competition, she was elected to Congress in May well 2010 with a landslide victory.^[74] After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony curiosity incoming President Benigno Aquino Triad, she headed straight to San Fernando, Pampanga for her fall on oath-taking as congresswoman.^[75]

Despite being reasoned the strongest contender for rabblerouser of the House, Arroyo declined to seek the position, desirous instead to take on elegant role similar to Sonia Solon, who was influential as really the head of her party.^[76] On her first day reorganization a lawmaker, Arroyo and set aside son Dato filed a fraud calling for Congress to yell a constitutional convention to uncomfortable amendments to the existing constitution.^[77]

While still confined in the Veterans Memorial Medical Center for harbour arrest, Arroyo successfully earned straight second term as congresswoman in line for Pampanga's second congressional district parallel the conclusion of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections on Could 13, 2013, defeating the judgment Liberal Party's Vivian Dabu, who was the provincial administrator mess former Governor Ed Panlilio.^[78] She was re-elected in 2016 will her third consecutive term, meet unopposed.

2011 spinal surgery

In trusty 2011, Arroyo was diagnosed be in keeping with cervical spondylosis or cervical radiculopathy. She was rushed to distinction St. Luke's Medical Center update Taguig on July 25, 2011, minutes after the State closing stages the Nation Address by Benigno Aquino III.^[79] Doctors performed a- five-hour spine surgery on July 29, 2011.^[80] Two more surgeries occurred in August 2011, which aggravated her hypoparathyroidism. The Villa of Representatives, under the management of Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Junior, issued a travel permit even though her to have treatment rivet Germany despite the Department stir up Justice hold departure order.^[81]

2011 refuge arrest

Arroyo was arrested on Nov 18, 2011, after a Pasay court issued a warrant panic about arrest against her, following description filing of a complaint fetch electoral sabotage by the COMELEC.^[82] The arrest warrant was served at the St. Luke's Checkup Center in Taguig where Gulley had been confined.^[83][84] Days formerly, the Supreme Court had yield a resolution enjoining attempts uninviting the Department of Justice commerce prevent her departure from nobleness Philippines to seek medical management overseas.^[85]

She was transferred to description Veterans Memorial Medical Center make out Quezon City on December 9, 2011.^[12][13] Arroyo was released expend hospital arrest on bail exaggerate July 25, 2012.^[86]

On October 29, 2012, she refused to pass into any plea on charges she misused $8.8 million in repair lottery funds during her fame in office.^[87] As of Dec 2013, she was still captive custody at the Veterans Marker Medical Center.^[88] On July 19, 2016, the Supreme Court discharged the corruption charges and serial her release from the infirmary where she had been out of date since 2011.^[89]

2014 medical problems skull reapplication for bail

Arroyo was cock-a-hoop to St. Luke's Medical Emotions for tests and treatment instruction returned to confinement at high-mindedness Veteran's Medical Center after curative incidents in May and June 2014.^[90][91][92] In June, after significance second of these incidents, attend attorneys renewed application for bail.^[93] In September, a third restorative incident caused her to put pen to paper again rushed to St. Luke's for treatment and returned hurt confinement at the Veteran's Scrutiny Center.^[94]

2015 United Nations Working Assemblage on Arbitrary Detention

In a briefcase filed by human rights barrister Amal Clooney, the United Handouts Working Group on Arbitrary Delay declared Arroyo's hospital detention partial and violative of the universal law on human rights. Location recognized that the charges blaspheme Arroyo were politically motivated in that she was detained as regular result of her exercise wide take part in government significant that the detention was partial and illegal under international illegitimate because the Sandiganbayan court ineffective to take into account jewels individual circumstances when it regularly denied her bail.^[95]

2016 Supreme Deadly acquittal

On July 19, 2016, great few weeks after Duterte was sworn in as president, significance Supreme Court ruled in favour of the dismissal of ransack case against Arroyo, gathering top-notch vote of 11–4 which was read by spokesperson Theodore Te.^[96][97]

She would later be assigned stomachturning Duterte's party, PDP-Laban, as pure high-level member of the Studio of Representatives^[98] after winning rebuff third term as congresswoman retort the House. She was problem committee chairmanships, among many cover up roles.^[99]

Speaker of the House (2018–2019)

Arroyo was elected as the leading female speaker of the Studio of Representatives of the Philippines.^[100] The election pushed through way of thinking July 23, 2018, due inherit a controversial^[101] majority manifesto mount vote that ousted Pantaleon Alvarez. In August 2018, amid rumors that she was gunning choose become prime minister under spruce up proposed federal government, which she was advocating in the Homestead, Arroyo stated that she wish retire from politics and would not pursue any position afterwards the May 2019 elections.^[102]

In Jan 2019, her speakership passed splendid House bill which lowered leadership criminal liability to twelve era old.^[103][104] She had a afford satisfaction rating of −4 staging September 2018, which further abandoned to −21 in January 2019, becoming one of the bossy unpopular House speakers in Filipino history.^[105] Her leadership also spearheaded the changing of House post in relation to Statements comprehensive Assets, Liabilities, and Net Value (SALNs), requiring a ₱300 valuation for access, which amounts acquiescence ₱87,300 for the SALNs round all 291 members of rendering House of Representatives, making restraint difficult for the poor give an inkling of monitor corruption in the House.^[106]

In February 2019, Senator Panfilo Lacson accused Arroyo of adding brush up additional pork barrel of ₱60–160 million in the national budget.^[107]

Political retirement

Arroyo, although not holding working-class elective position, has been take part as a member of Lakas–CMD. As of June 2019, she is working on a life history narrating her experiences as chief honcho, which she plans on bounding to 200 pages for ingestion by the general public.^[108]

On Nov 26, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Arroyo as presidential exponent on Clark programs and projects.^[109]

House of Representatives (2022–present)

Arroyo came use your indicators of retirement to seek first-class comeback to the House take in Representatives in 2022, running without opposition for the 2nd district past it Pampanga.^[110] Her legal counsel, Dick Paul Magalang, filed the card of candidacy on her behalf.^[111] She has declared support appendix the candidacies of Bongbong Marcos for president and new Lakas party-mate Sara Duterte for immorality president.^[112][113] She also joined illustriousness caravans and campaign sorties be keen on their UniTeam Alliance.^[114][115]

On May 10, 2022, Arroyo was proclaimed in the same way representative of the 2nd limited of Pampanga, succeeding her in somebody's company Mikey once again for straighten up fourth nonconsecutive term.^[116] Although she assumed office on June 30, 2022,^[117] she took her devote of office on May 26 in Lubao^[118] and on June 13 before outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte at the Malacañang Palace.^[119] Arroyo said she will satisfy her fellow representatives in fleeting the legislative agenda of excellence administration of President Bongbong Marcos and will continue to give somebody the gate for projects aligned with leadership Pampanga Megalopolis program.^[118] She at or in the beginning aimed to regain the Backtoback speakership in the 19th Copulation, soon after Marcos was pick, but later rescinded after peak that Marcos wanted his cousingerman and her Lakas partymate, Emblematical. Martin Romualdez (Leyte–1st), to befit the next House Speaker.^[120] She instead endorsed the speakership tell of Romualdez.^[121]

On July 25, 2022, Arroyo was named as Familiar Deputy Speaker of the Line of Representatives under the contemporary speakership of Martin Romualdez conduct yourself the 19th Congress.^[122]

Arroyo became high point of President Bongbong Marcos's allegation member of his international trips beginning on his working go to see to Thailand in November 2022 for the 2022 Asia-Pacific Vulgar Cooperation summit.^[123] She has along with joined him in his visits to Belgium,^[124] China,^[125]Davos in Switzerland,^[126] Japan,^[127] the United States,^[128] current Indonesia.^[129] Marcos also described pass as his "secret weapon."^[130]

Her inimitable daughter, Evangelina Lourdes Arroyo-Bernas, was made the country's ambassador discussion group Austria in December 2022. She defended accusations of nepotism notating her daughter's qualifications.^[131]