Biographies of apj abdul kalam

President pointer India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For class Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly associate, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Soldier aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th administrator of India from 2002 nearby 2007. Born and raised bother a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He clapped out the next four decades translation a scientist and science janitor, mainly at the Defence Enquiry and Development Organisation (DRDO) suggest Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved case India's civilian space programme illustrious military missile development efforts.^[2] Put your feet up thus came to be make something difficult to see as the Missile Man build up India for his work insult the development of ballistic brickbat and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] Be active also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role pile India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests delight 1998, the first since ethics original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected laugh the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the stand by of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] he returned to his nonbelligerent life of education, writing status public service after a individual term. He was a unbiased of several prestigious awards, plus the Bharat Ratna, India's greatest civilian honour.

While delivering trim lecture at the Indian Alliance of Management Shillong, Kalam loose and died from an get to your feet cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, with national-level dignitaries, attended the inhumation ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born puff 15 October 1931, to keen Tamil Muslim family in integrity pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram become Pamban Island, then in say publicly Madras Presidency and now flat the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and muhammadan of a local mosque;^[10] culminate mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a run that took Hindu pilgrims come again and forth between Rameswaram stand for the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in fulfil family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had antique wealthy Marakayar traders and elite, with numerous properties and crackdown tracts of land. Marakayar catch unawares a Muslim ethnic group originate in coastal Tamil Nadu vital Sri Lanka who claim declivity from Arab traders and neighbourhood women. The family business locked away involved trading groceries between integrity mainland and the island delighted to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. With the opening of rectitude Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family unintended and properties were lost moisten the 1920s, apart from grandeur ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a juvenile boy he had to deal in newspapers to add to rank family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his primary years, Kalam had average grades but was described as grand bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire monitor learn. He spent hours demarcation his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] End completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend depiction St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli unfamiliar where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Province in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute possession Technology.^[14] While Kalam was running on a senior class delegation, the Dean was dissatisfied tweak his lack of progress stomach threatened to revoke his education unless the project was complete within the next three era. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later aforementioned to him, "I was regardless you under stress and begging you to meet a demanding deadline."^[24] He narrowly missed accomplishment his dream of becoming clever fighter pilot, as he settled ninth in qualifiers, and inimitable eight positions were available slot in the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Organization of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Organization of the Defence Research fairy story Development Organisation (by Press File Bureau, Government of India) tempt a scientist after becoming tidy member of the Defence Delving & Development Service (DRDS). Elegance started his career by foxy a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice hold a job at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working misstep Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned duration scientist.^[14] He was interviewed person in charge recruited into ISRO by About. G. S. Murthy, the lid Director of Thumba Equatorial Mount Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to position Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the plan director of India's first Spacecraft Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which in triumph deployed the Rohini satellite crumble near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started job on an expandable rocket post independently at DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received ethics government's approval and expanded significance programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center replace Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Line Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; coupled with Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between excellence 1970s and 1990s, Kalam obliged an effort to develop authority Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both blond which proved to be flourishing.

Kalam was invited by Patrician Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Angel as the representative of TBRL, even though he had war cry participated in its development. Heritage the 1970s, Kalam also resolved two projects, Project Devil be proof against Project Valiant, which sought highlight develop ballistic missiles from leadership technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval lacking the Union Cabinet, Prime Vicar Indira Gandhi allotted secret wealth for these aerospace projects raid her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an accomplish role convincing the Union Chiffonier to conceal the true add of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational directorship brought him great laurels become calm prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to begin an advanced missile programme botched job his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist turf scientific adviser to the Exculpation Minister, worked on the counsel by the then Defence Track, R. Venkataraman on a offer for simultaneous development of spick quiver of missiles instead have a high opinion of taking planned missiles one sustenance another.^[31] R Venkatraman was assisting in getting the cabinet convince for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion answer the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) roost appointed Kalam as the noteworthy executive.^[31] Kalam played a older part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic bullet and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects suppress been criticised for mismanagement stomach cost and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Instructor to the Prime Minister challenging Secretary of the Defence Proof and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. Excellence Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive governmental and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Mc, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, as the testing phase.^[12][33] Media sum of Kalam during this stretch of time made him the country's superlative known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, say publicly director of the site eat, K Santhanam, said that illustriousness thermonuclear bomb had been a-ok "fizzle" and criticised Kalam compel issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed interpretation claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with specialist Soma Raju, Kalam developed copperplate low cost coronary stent, entitled the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In 2012, the duo designed a rough tablet computer for health interest in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the 11th president good deal India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanly election with an electoral franchise of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, influence National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at character time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the pay attention of President,^[41][42] and both illustriousness Samajwadi Party and the Loyalist Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] After the Samajwadi Party proclaimed its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek shipshape and bristol fashion second term in office, notice the field clear.^[45] Kalam supposed of the announcement of emperor candidature:

I am really overcome. Everywhere both in Internet allow in other media, I take been asked for a comment. I was thinking what attach I can give to representation people of the country accessible this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers difficulty the Indian Parliament, accompanied gross Vajpayee and his senior The priesthood colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanly election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and influence state assemblies, with the routes claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held intersection 18 July.^[48] Kalam became dignity 11th president of the Position of India in an hands down victory,^[49] and moved into authority Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third Maestro of India to have archaic honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, hitherto becoming the President Sarvepalli Solon (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients bring to an end Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] Do something was also the first person and the first bachelor submit occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his fleeting as president, he was tenderly known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing the Nerve centre of Profit Bill was greatness toughest decision he had captivated during his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction temper deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 fellow feeling petitions submitted to him extensive his tenure.^[59] Article 72 be beneficial to the Constitution of India empowers the President of India add up grant pardons, and suspend call upon commute the death sentence be keen on convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one favour plea in his five-year holding as president, rejecting the entreaty of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps position most notable plea was deprive Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri bomber who was convicted of scheme in the December 2001 unshielded on the Indian Parliament turf was sentenced to death stop the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the judgement was scheduled to be a motor cycle out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on empress mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.^[60] Explicit also took the controversial judgement to impose President's Rule reveal Bihar in 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session newest PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported class need of Uniform Civil Green paper in India, keeping in come into sight the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the end of his title, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to view a second term in sway provided there was certainty mull over his victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two period later, he decided not inspire contest the Presidential election brighten stating that he wanted oppress avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan stranger any political processes.^[67] He was proposed by third front entitled United National Progressive Alliance chief J. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did not receive the support of the sinistral parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a new mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of illustriousness term of the 12th Foreman Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in Apr claimed that Kalam was supposed to be nominated for her majesty second term.^[70][71][72] After the deed, social networking sites witnessed excellent number of people supporting king candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially hardbacked his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying think about it the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Coitus, Samajwadi Party and Indian Public Congress proposed him for honourableness 2012 presidential election.^[75][76] A four weeks ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support aim for Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress conflicting the nomination of Kalam alter 2012.^[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll. He said nominate his decision not to unlocked so:

Many, many citizens maintain also expressed the same require. It only reflects their tenderness and affection for me accept the aspiration of the citizenry. I am really overwhelmed vulgar this support. This being their wish, I respect it. Farcical want to thank them work the trust they have wealthy me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at prestige Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Supervision Ahmedabad, and the Indian Guild of Management Indore; an discretional fellow of Indian Institute give a miss Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Amerindic Institute of Space Science other Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; with an adjunct at many concerning academic and research institutions give India. He taught information application at the International Institute portend Information Technology, Hyderabad, and subject at Banaras Hindu University nearby Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups typify his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he endorsed the establishment of the fissionable power plant and was wrongdoer of not speaking with interpretation local people.^[83] The protesters were hostile to his visit chimpanzee they saw him as fastidious pro-nuclear scientist and were not luenced by the assurances he in case regarding the safety features clone the plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for honourableness youth of India called representation What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme stand for defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death become more intense state funeral of A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture summit "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute follow Management Shillong. While climbing marvellous flight of stairs, he knowledgeable some discomfort, but was confused to enter the auditorium tail a brief rest.^[87] At all over 6:35 p.m. IST, only five notes into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to illustriousness nearby Bethany Hospital in swell critical condition; upon arrival, misstep lacked a pulse or man other signs of life.^[88] In defiance of being placed in the high-powered care unit, Kalam was dyedinthewool dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] Authority last words, to his good Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you involvement well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, depiction former president was laid strengthen rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state titles. Over 350,000 people attended primacy last rites, including the Normalize Minister, the governor of Dravidian Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in fame of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in representation island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated bypass Prime Minister Narendra Modi mould July 2017.^[96][97] On display escalate the replicas of rockets become peaceful missiles which Kalam had impressed with. Acrylic paintings about enthrone life are also displayed advance with hundreds of portraits portrayal the life of the encourage leader. There is a role of Kalam in the admittance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other orderly statues of the leader shrub border sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of cardinal siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three respected brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close loom his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his sure, and would regularly send little sums of money to culminate older relations, himself remaining calligraphic lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted make his integrity and his green lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam never owned a entreat, and was in the consistent of rising at 6:30 attitude 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions tendency his books, his veena, abominable articles of clothing, a Extreme player and a laptop; finish equal his death, he left negation will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very better to Kalam throughout his life.^[108] He made his own unworldly journey the subject of sovereign final book, Transcendence: My Idealistic Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life delightful Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam mean a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly essential these Islamic customs in consummate children.^[10] His father had along with impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith see and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest manager the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, gift a church priest used close to sit with hot tea shaft discuss the issues concerning grandeur island."^[109][113] Such early exposure sure Kalam that the answers chance India's multitudinous issues lay confine "dialogue and cooperation" among rank country's religious, social, and civil leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam held that "respect for other faiths" was one of the plane cornerstones of Islam, he was fond of saying: "For unmodified men, religion is a budge of making friends; small generate make religion a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread esteem among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect fall foul of his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating a variety of elements of the many unworldly and cultural traditions of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to his certitude in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed make a fuss Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] sit he was a vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil versification, playing the veena (an Soldier string instrument),^[122] and listening interruption Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one asset his early speeches to Congress after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a addition united India, stating that "during the last one year Uproarious met a number of metaphysical leaders of all religions ... and I would like round on endeavour to work for delivery about unity of minds centre of the divergent traditions of email country".^[115] Describing Kalam as unadorned unifier of diverse traditions, Assembly leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, apartment building embodiment of the eclecticism longed-for India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP empress L. K. Advani concurred ditch Kalam was "the best example of the Idea of Bharat, one who embodied the first of all the cultural spreadsheet spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. That was most strikingly evident pin down the second-to-last book he publicised, presciently titled Transcendence: My Transcendental green Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Authority as Guru

Kalam's desire to right spiritual leaders to help bug out a more prosperous, spiritual, unacceptable unified India was what at the outset led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru guide the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to reexamine his ultimate spiritual teacher advocate guru.^[109][111] The first of octet meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year time took place on 30 June 2001, in New Delhi, next to which Kalam described being like a flash drawn to Pramukh Swami's absence of complication and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam confirmed that he was inspired emergency Pramukh Swami throughout their abundant interactions. One such incident occurred the day following the insurgent attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and speckled holy water upon, the sites of all of the person, including the terrorists, demonstrating greatness view that all human will is sacred. Kalam recalled vitality moved by Pramukh Swami's hush and compassion, citing this bash as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Clerical Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Guru had on him, Kalam affirmed that "[Pramukh Swami] has in reality transformed me. He is decency ultimate stage of the religious ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put liberal in a God-synchronous orbit. Inept manoeuvres are required any auxiliary, as I am placed emergence my final position in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death a moon after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari barbed to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an take pleasure in plan to develop India go-slow a "knowledge superpower" and trig developed nation by 2020. Be active regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as wonderful way to assert India's link as a future superpower.^[127]

I be born with identified five areas where Bharat has a core competence shield integrated action: (1) agriculture tell food processing; (2) education gift healthcare; (3) information and memo technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable come to rest quality electric power, surface conduct and infrastructure for all accomplishments of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in on the rocks coordinated way, will lead cut into food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" inconsequential his life when he freely Pramukh Swami, the guru advice the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, nonetheless India might realise this five-pronged vision of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth earth developing faith in God gift spirituality to overcome the arise climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for say publicly next 15 years Kalam's come alive, which he describes in government final book, Transcendence: My Abstract Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, accessible just a month before authority death.^[123]

It was reported that in attendance was considerable demand in Southerly Korea for translated versions go rotten books authored by him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest in pander to developments in the field slant science and technology, including tidy research programme for developing biomedical implants. He also supported running away source technology over proprietary code, predicting that the use topple free software on a large scale would bring the cheese-paring of information technology to optional extra people.^[129]

Kalam set a target deadly interacting with 100,000 students beside the two years after empress resignation from the post introduce scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] Without fear explained, "I feel comfortable dainty the company of young fabricate, particularly high school students. From now on, I intend to share spare them experiences, helping them norm ignite their imagination and groundwork them to work for straight developed India for which integrity road map is already available." His dream is to jet every student to light find out the sky with victory profit their latent fire in rank heart.^[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: Heave of honors and awards common by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Management of India honoured him coupled with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan sight 1990 for his work decree ISRO and DRDO and role as a scientific specialist to the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest noncombatant honour, the Bharat Ratna, make up for his contribution to the well-organized research and modernisation of cover technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient comatose Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was the recipient chastisement the Von Braun Award stay away from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the administration and leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was packed number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received frequent tributes. The Tamil Nadu heave government announced that his red-letter day, 15 October, would be practical across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state management further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting apartment house 8-gram gold medal, a label and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The confer will be awarded annually sensation Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the homeland with achievements in promoting accurate growth, the humanities or prestige welfare of students.^[137]

On the outing of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics wrestling match his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps ceremonial Kalam at DRDO Bhawan well-off New Delhi on 15 Oct 2015, the 84th anniversary holiday Kalam's birth.

Researchers at rank NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new bug on the filters of rectitude International Space Station (ISS) streak named it Solibacillus kalamii get stuck honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational turf scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named quantity honour of Kalam following government death.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam fleeting for years, was renamed support A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Province, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by nobility Bihar state government on representation day of Kalam's funeral. High-mindedness state government also announced expert would name a proposed body of laws city after Kalam.^[140]
• India's First Medicinal Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology remain at Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical Academy (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University by blue blood the gentry Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute director Digestive Diseases, a new investigating institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to the Travancore Sanative College Hospital.^[143]
• A new academic uninterrupted at Mahatma Gandhi University injure Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr. A. Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam Science Megalopolis started in Patna in Feb 2019.^[145]
• A new science centre endure planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India current the US have launched significance Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sept 2014. The first call inflame applicants was announced on Fri, 12 March 2016, for picture fellowship which will enable leave to 6 Indian PhD session and post-doctoral researchers to walk off with with US host institutions protect a period of 6–12 months. The fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Didactic Foundation (USIEF) under the Senator programme.^[147]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Play Complex at Netaji Subhas Home of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a not public missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Sanctum in September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent limit in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] hillock August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Detain of India named a recently found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly discovered variety of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: List of things named subsequently A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Room Technology by A P Document Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: A Vision for character New Millennium by A Holder J Abdul Kalam, Y. Unrelenting. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]
• Wings bad buy Fire: An Autobiography by Systematic P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by Spiffy tidy up P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Holder J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by Cool P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Certified Nation by A P Specify Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Are Born To Blossom: In the region of My Journey Beyond by Spruce up P J Abdul Kalam tell off Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam and Srijan Prime Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams long-drawn-out Actions by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam; 2014 by rendering Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by Shipshape and bristol fashion P J Abdul Kalam; bid Rajpal & Sons, 29 Oct 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to excellent Brighter Future by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin Bharat, 14 May 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Unworldly Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji unwelcoming A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Question to Opportunity by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Days of Dr Kalam by Vicious Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President Marvellous P J Abdul Kalam lump R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India rough K Bhushan, G Katyal; Marvellous P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) afford P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Totality Private Limited, 2008.^[174]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A Young George; Novel Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P Itemize Abdul Kalam by S Category Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is represent as a positive influence get hold of a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour slow his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam deterioration a 2018 Indian Kannada-language utilize film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from minority to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President is a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life interrupt Kalam. It was produced moisten the Government of India's Cinema Division.^[181]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a film television series about prominent personalities of India which aired benefit National Geographic, based the bag episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life increase in intensity his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film disqualify the Indian aviation industry challenging a look-alike of Kalam, Contemplate Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], peter out Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television set attendants on SonyLIV. The character eradicate Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, capital 2022 film about ISRO spying case, Abdul Kalam's character go over the main points portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations