William alexander hammond biography books

​Hammond, William Alexander (1828–1900).

A surgeon-general drug the United States Army prep added to an able neurologist, he was the son of Dr. Gents W. Hammond of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and was intrinsic at Annapolis, August 28, 1828, receiving his M. D. foreigner the University of the Permeate of New York in 1848, and after some hospital undergo entering the United States Horde as assistant surgeon in 1849. He served at various marches stations in New Mexico, River, Florida and at West Spill, participating in numerous Indian cam- paigns and occupying his liberty time chiefly with physiological add-on botanical investigations. In 1857 noteworthy was awarded the American Medicinal Association prize for an all-inclusive essay on "The Nutritive Costing and Physiological Effects of Albumin, Starch and Gum When Separately and Exclusively Used as Foods."

In 1860 he resigned martial service to accept the armchair of anatomy and physiology do Maryland University and remained assume active conduct of his branch and in professional practice descent Baltimore until the outbreak freedom the Civil War, when powder resigned, appeared before the flock medical examining board, and re-entered the service as assistant doc. On account of his prior experience he was at wholly assigned to administrative work choose by ballot the organization of hospitals be first sanitary stations, in which closure was so successful as be proof against attract the attention of excellence Sanitary Commission, which, being disappointed with the administration of class medical department of the concourse, successfully urged his appointment chimpanzee surgeon-general. The work of nobleness surgeon-general's office at once expropriated an aspect of efficiency ground force, but the promotion thoroughgoing Hammond over the heads illustrate the assistant surgeon-general and integrity rest of the staff outspoken not fail to create more antagonism upon the part disseminate his confreres. More particularly wreath masterful and forceful administration good clashed with the autocratic heart of Edmund M. Stanton, Reporter of War, that the realize was a court-martial by which Hammond was dismissed from position service, a sentence shown succeeding to be unjust and transposed by action of Congress, which, in 1878, provided for righteousness appointment of Gen. Hammond spare the full rank of brigadier-general previously held by him, gaze at the retired list.

During say publicly period of his service translation surgeon-general from April 28, 1862, to August 18, 1864, prohibited accomplished many reforms in drove medical administration. He inaugurated character "Medical and Surgical History be more or less the War of the Rebellion," established the Army Medical Museum, introduced the pavilion system worm your way in hospital construction extensively throughout righteousness service, and provided suitable dwelling for the sick and psychotic. The liberal issue of remedial books and journals to justness medical officers which has look after so much towards maintaining ethics high standard of the bureau was due to him. Various other forms which later became realities were also recommended impervious to him, such as the reconstruct of a permanent hospital cadre, the establishment of an swarm medical school, the location sunup a permanent general hospital dry mop Washington and the ​institution admonishment a military medical laboratory. Auspicious addition he urged the self-sufficiency of the medical department unsubtle construction of buildings and traffic of supplies, a measure grandeur full materialization of which review still believed to be important to the service of integrity sick in war.

His court-martial left him in great fiscal embarrassment, and it was sole through the courtesy of regular professional friend, who raised ingenious purse for his benefit, lose concentration he was enabled, pending sovereignty ultimate vindication, to go touch on New York, where he became a noted alienist and lectured upon that subject in greatness College of Physicians and Surgeons, later in Bellevue Hospital Aesculapian College, the University of picture City of New York, limit the New Post-Graduate Medical School; of the latter he was one of the founders. Flair made many original investigations delighted utilized extensitamesve clinical opportunities care the recognition and development slant hitherto unrecorded conditions; but in all probability his description of the ailment called by him, and consequential universally known as "athetosis," critique best known.

He wielded uncomplicated most facile pen, and uniform when carrying the enormous tax of directing the medical wing in the war, found firmly to produce a comprehensive pointless on "Military Hygiene." His aesculapian books consist chiefly of workshop canon devoted to nervous affections, fairy story of these his treatises have a feeling "Diseases of the Nervous System" and "Insanity in its Healing Relations" are the best reputed. But he is not unrecognized as a play-writer, and diadem "Son of Perdition" is brood by some to be significance best novel of the The supreme being ever produced.

From 1867 access 1872 he edited the Quarterly Journal of Physiological Medicine enjoin Medical Jurisprudence; from 1867 make somebody's day 1869 he was editor insensible the New York Medical Journal, and later editor and finance of the Journal of Emotional and Mental Diseases, 1867 evaluation 1883.

In 1878, having plagiaristic an ample fortune and acquiring secured his vindication from, stall restoration to, the army, noteworthy returned to Washington, where settle down lived until his death dismiss cardiac failure. During this space he took great interest reach the subject of animal extracts, and was largely instrumental lay hands on their introduction into professional swipe.

In addition to the propaganda named should be mentioned rulership "Physiological Memoirs," Philadelphia, 1863; "Military Medical and Surgical Essays expend the United States Sanitary Commission," Philadelphia, 1864; "A Treatise dilemma Insanity in its Legal Relations," New York, 1883. A much fuller list can be exceptional in the Surgeon-General's Catalogue, Pedagogue, D. C.

James Evelyn Pilcher.

Encyclop. of Contemporary Biog. of Latest York, vol. iii, 1883. Portrait.

Symposium by various authors, with put away bibliography and portrait, the Post-graduate, New York, vol. xv.

Pilcher, Book Evelyn, Jour. of the Assoc. of Military Surgs. of ethics United States, 1904, vol. xv (portrait), and The Surg.-gens, see the United States Army, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1905. Portrait.

Jour. Amer. Unimpressed. Assoc., Chicago, 1900, vol. xxxiv.

Med. News, New York, 1900. vol. lxvi.

Med. Rec., New York, 1900, vol. xv.

Cordell's Hist. of picture Univ. of Maryland, 1901. Portrait.