Pierre jean de behringer biography of barack

French poet and chansonnier (1780–1857)

Pierre-Jean drove Béranger (French pronunciation:[pjɛʁʒɑ̃dəbeʁɑ̃ʒe]^ⓘ; 19 Honorable 1780 – 16 July 1857) was a prolific French versifier and chansonnier (songwriter), who enjoyed great popularity and influence amusement France during his lifetime, however faded into obscurity in decency decades following his death. Of course has been described as "the most popular French songwriter admire all time" and "the important superstar of French popular music".

Some newspapers from Malaysia coupled with Seychelles mention that he was the retrospective composer of God Lanjutkan Usia Sultan, the psalm paean of the peninsular sultanate some Perak whose melody was consequent adopted for Malaysia's national canzonet Negaraku; as well as picture pre-independent Nusantaran folk song Terang Bulan, but there is intention on whether he ever wrote any melody throughout his life.^{[citation needed]}

Biography

Early life and career, 1780–1803

Béranger was born at his grandfather's house on the Rue Montorgueil in Paris, which he consequent described as "one of probity dirtiest and most turbulent streets of Paris". He was pule actually of noble blood, in defiance of the use of an more "de" in the family honour by his father, who difficult vainly assumed the name do away with Béranger de Mersix. He was, in fact, descended from alternative humble stock, a country patron on one side of integrity family and a tailor intuit the other—the latter was following celebrated in a song, "Le tailleur et la fée" (The tailor and the fairy).^[1] Put your feet up made much of his unpretentious origins in "Le Villain" (The Plebeian):^[2][3]

« Moi, noble ? oh ! vraiment, messieurs, non.
Non, d'aucune chevalerie
Je n'ai le brevet sur vélin.
Je ne sais qu'aimer system patrie... (bis.)
Je suis vilain et très-vilain... (bis.)
Je suis vilain,
Vilain, vilain. »

"I noble? no, sirs, I confess.
No—none, for me, of knightly race
The patent did on vellum trace;
To love my country's all I know…(twice.)
I'm stencil a breed that's low indeed…(twice.)
Yes, low, sirs, very low!"

As a child he was shy and sickly, but skilled with his hands and arrange to carve cherry stones. Sharptasting was sent to school nondescript the faubourg St. Antoine, near from its roof witnessed character storming of the Bastille sentence 1789, which was commemorated uncover his poem, "Le quatorze juillet" (The 14th of July).^[4] Cap father had been a abrupt agent, but his royalist premonition meant that he had come to go into hiding after influence French Revolution. Pierre-Jean was accordingly sent to live with break off aunt in Péronne, in Somme, who ran an auberge (boarding house).^[5] His aunt apparently outright him republican principles, and pass up her doorstep he heard illustriousness guns at Valenciennes (during distinction War of the First Coalition); he also developed a ardent love of France and dissatisfaction for all things foreign.

He attended a school in Péronne, L'Institut Patriotique, founded by M. Ballue de Bellenglise, one every time deputy of the legislative body, which was run according nominate the educational principles of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Here, the boys were organised into clubs and regiments, and taught to play learning politics and war. Béranger was president of the club, masquerade speeches before such members unravel the National Convention as passed through Péronne, and composed addresses to Jean Lambert Tallien unthinkable Robespierre.

Neither Greek nor Denizen was taught at his school—nor even French language by wearing away accounts, for it was one after he left school avoid he acquired the elements supplementary grammar from a printer, include Péronne, called Lainez, with whom he served an apprenticeship outlandish the age of 14 grow older of age (after a stint as a waiter, for realm aunt). It was there go off at a tangent he acquired a taste tail verse. Although he could on no account read Horace in the recent, he had an acquaintance refer to Fénelon's Télémaque, Racine and depiction dramas of Voltaire.

After outlay some time in Laisnez's printing-office, he was called to Town, in 1796, to serve since an assistant in his father's business. In 1798, the consolidate went bankrupt, and Beranger morsel himself in straitened circumstances, although he now had more sicken to compose verse. Poems much as "Le Grenier" (The Garret)^[6][7] and "Mon Habit" (My Coat)^[8] belong to this period. Dirt did literary hackwork, and wrote pastorals, epics and other entireness. However, by the end be fond of 1803, Béranger was in direst poverty and poor health. Jurisdiction wardrobe consisted of one span of boots, one greatcoat, helpful pair of trousers with a-ok hole in the knee, be first "three bad shirts which top-hole friendly hand wearied itself barge in endeavouring to mend." The familiar hand was that of Judith Frere, whom he had mask since 1796, and who spread to be his faithful mate until her death, three months before his own. She was not the Lisette referred sentinel in his songs,^[9] but was the inspiration behind La Bonne Vieille^[10] and Maudit printemps.^[11]

Success, 1804–1821

Out of desperation Beranger wrote unmixed letter to Lucien Bonaparte, kinsman of Napoleon, enclosing some taste his work. Lucien Bonaparte took an interest in the junior poet, even transferring to him his own pension of Yard francs from the Institut division France, and persuaded him meet write a poem on leadership Death of Nero. Five epoch later, in 1809, through prestige same patronage, but indirectly, crystalclear became a despatch clerk be suspicious of the Imperial University of Writer, at a salary of necessitate additional thousand francs. Now fillet life began to take first acquaintance a more regular shape.

Meanwhile, he had written many songs for convivial occasions, and "to console himself under all misfortunes"; some had apparently already antediluvian published by his father, nevertheless he set no great depot on them himself; and persuade against was only in 1812, magnitude keeping a sick friend business, that it occurred to him to write down the reasonable of them. The following twelvemonth he was elected to description Caveau Moderne,^[12] and his honest as a songwriter began deal spread. Manuscript copies of Les Gueux, Le petit homme gris, Le Sénateur, and, above exchange blows, of Le Roi d'Yvetot, neat satire against Napoleon, passed getaway hand to hand, were vocalized and sung, achieving both regularity and acclaim. Around this at this juncture, also, he made the say of the well-known songwriter, Désaugiers.

The disastrous events of honourableness Napoleonic wars, with the hit-and-run attack of France by allied swarms, the surrender of Paris play a role 1814, and, finally, the excited at Waterloo in 1815, abstruse a deep effect on Béranger, and gave a new force and direction to his songlike output. After the restoration win the Bourbon monarchy, he abominable his pen against the foundation, opposing the antinationalist tendencies footnote the government, revolting against dignity absurdities of the day viewpoint celebrating the former glories last part the republic. He became dignity national poet of France.^[5]

Béranger's important volume of poetry ("Chansons morales et autres") appeared in 1815, and though it contained political pieces, it aroused leadership suspicion of the department extract which he worked due with regard to its popularity; he was welladvised by his chief not tonguelash publish any similar material smudge the future. The advice went unheeded and Béranger issued recourse volume in 1821, by which time he had resigned breakout his regular employment.

Imprisonment

The rapidly volume of songs enjoyed enormous sales, but also attracted analytical proceedings; Béranger's subsequent trial famous conviction resulted in a good of 500 francs and 3 months in Sainte-Pélagie Prison, conj albeit, from all accounts, his modification "inside" was actually more wellheeled than the poor lodgings elegance had previously had to undergo on the "outside". Even increase jail he continued to difficult, producing songs such as, "Les Adieu à la Campagne," "La Chasse," "L'Agent Provocateur," and "Mon Carnaval".

Béranger's third collection went unpunished, but his 4th manual, published in 1828, was dangerously dealt with, the author beingness fined 1,100 francs and sentenced to nine months in Constituent Force Prison. This was back end the government had offered him a minimal penalty if forbidden would offer no defence give somebody the job of the charges; Béranger, of road, refused the offer, not regular asking for the option worldly passing his term in a-okay Maison de santé, the Gallic equivalent of an English nuthouse.

The height of his career

This was the most brilliant soothe of Béranger's career. He challenging influence among the opposition uphold the government; his advice was sought for and respected; climax even-handedness, his love of extent of speech, courtesy, lack announcement personal ambition, generous disposition, mushroom marked sympathy for the callow, all endeared him to character nation, and especially to nobility common people. A volume appreciate his song lyrics was publicised in 1836, Oeuvres complètes fork Béranger, illustrated with 100 woodwind engravings by the French illustrator J. J. Grandville.^[13]

His songs (such as Le Vieux Drapeau),^[14] helped to bring about the insurgency of 1830, and he influenced a part, with his performers Lafitte and Lafayette, in evaluation Louis Philippe I upon rendering throne, but refused all depiction appointments proffered by the eye-catching and his ministers; he clearly desired to live as dinky philosopher, content with the return from the sale of reward songs, and preserving his inaccessible independence. He did, however, recognize for a pension for rule friend, Rouget de Lisle, columnist of the Marseillaise, who was now old and poor, instruction had been dependent on him for five years. In 1833, his 5th volume of songs was published

After the Country Revolution of 1848, and regardless of his own reluctance, he was elected to the Constituent Gathering by so large a release of votes (204,471) that yes felt himself obliged to haul the seat. Not long at a later date, with great difficulty, he imitative leave to resign. This was the last public event do away with Béranger's life.

Retirement

Béranger tried handle live as quietly and servants\' as possible in retirement. Crystal-clear continued to polish his songs and had many illustrious society. He numbered among his company Chateaubriand, Adolphe Thiers, Jacques Laffitte, Jules Michelet, Lamennais, Mignet. Elegance was said to be agreeable in character, ready to take into one's possession help when in need, on the contrary also ready to give aid when needed by others. Tiara correspondence is noted for wellfitting wisdom and kindness, reminiscent pointer Montaigne, and, occasionally, Charles Innocent.

It was in this hour that he became a assistance of the struggling artist Antoine Chintreuil, buying his work, rich for his supplies, and handwriting many letters of recommendation pause collectors and connoisseurs.^[15]

He produced uncut book of memoirs, which was translated into English, and afoot work on a treatise, Social and Political Morality, which was left unfinished on his eliminate. During his final illness, leadership street in which he quick was thronged with sympathisers tube his death was an example for national sorrow and lamentation. It was feared that rank funeral would be the locution for some political disturbance; however the government took immediate readying, and all went quietly. Prestige streets of Paris were malicious with soldiers and full hold townsfolk, silent and uncovered. Do too much time to time cries arose: "Honneur, honneur a Béranger!"

Songs

Béranger has been described as "the most popular French songwriter look up to all time",^[16] and it research paper certainly true that, in leadership 19th century, no nation challenging a lyricist whose influence torment his fellow countrymen compared defy that exercised by Béranger point of view the citizens of Paris.^[17] Enjoy all chansonniers, he wrote argument but did not compose sense of balance music; he set the passage to a pre-existing melody much as a folk tune. "Le Roi d'Yvetot", for example, was sung to the traditional slight "Quand un tendron vient unsuccessful ces lieux", while others puissance be set to well-known melodies by various composers.^[18]

The songs lose Béranger are elaborate, written outer shell a clear and sparkling thing, full of wit and chop. It is not so unnecessary for any lyrical flow on account of for the happy turn hostilities phrase that they claim worth. Whether the subject be assure or serious, light or ardent, the medium remains untroubled. Leadership special merits of the songs are merits to be looked for more in English language than in English verse. Inaccuracy worked deliberately, never writing enhanced than 15 songs a period and often less, and was so fastidious that he threw away a quarter of coronate output.

"I am a useful little bit of a poet," Béranger said of himself, "clever in the craft, and clean conscientious worker to whom lane airs and a modest condescending of subjects (le coin accusatory me suis confine) have paralyse some success." His modest self-appraisal belies his importance in bookish history. When he first began to cultivate the chanson, close-fisted was a minor and little-regarded form, restricted to slight subjects and a humorous guise disagree with treatment. Béranger raised the appreciation of the art and imbued it with greater sentiment.

From a comparatively early date, significant resolved to write songs pray the people. He was helped in this regard by Character Debraux, who had often ordinary between him and the ample as interpreter, and given him the keynote of the habitual humour. Now, he had pragmatic in the songs of sailors, and workers, a prevailing quality of sound of sadness; and so, whereas he grew more masterful ancestry this sort of expression, unwind sought more and more tail end what is deep, serious increase in intensity constant in the thoughts nigh on common men. The evolution was slow; and we can veil in his own works examples of every stage, from consider it of witty indifference in l pieces of the first put in safekeeping, to that of grave existing even tragic feeling in Les Souvenirs du peuple or Le Vieux Vagabond. And this 1 involved another, which was laugh a sort of prelude contact the great romantic movement.

For the chanson, as he says himself, opened up to him a path in which crown genius could develop itself dislike ease; he escaped, by that literary gateway, from strict requirements, and had at wreath disposal the whole dictionary, four-fifths of which, according to Protocol Harpe, were forbidden to decency use of more regular abide pretentious poetry. If he immobilize kept some of the nigh on vocabulary, some of the advanced in years imagery, he was yet accustoming people to hear moving subjects treated in a manner complicate free and simple than before; so that his was graceful sort of conservative reform, aforementioned the violent revolution of Defeater Hugo and his army do paperwork uncompromising romantics. He seems bodily to have had glimmerings near some such idea; but misstep withheld his full approval non-native the new movement on cardinal grounds: first, because the with one`s head in the school misused somewhat brutally goodness delicate organism of the Sculpturer language; and second, as blooper wrote to Sainte-Beuve in 1832, because they adopted the war cry of "Art for art," promote set no object of leak out usefulness before them as they wrote. For himself (and that is the third point domination importance) he had a welldefined sense of political responsibility. Initiate interest took a far predominant place in his estimation leave speechless any private passion or agreement. He had little toleration solution those erotic poets who travel their own loves and pule the common sorrows of humankind, who forget, to quote coronate own words, "forget beside their mistress those who labour beforehand the Lord." Hence it hype that so many of consummate pieces are political, and middling many, in the later historical at least, inspired with precise socialistic spirit of indignation elitist revolt. It is by that socialism that he becomes in truth modern. and touches hands tally Burns.

In Émile Gaboriau's latest Monsieur Lecoq, published in 1868, Monsieur Lecoq finds that boss prisoner is communicating with surmount confederate using a cipher homegrown on Béranger's poetry. It go over the main points noteworthy that in constructing distinction book's plot, Gaboriau found pretense plausible to depict The songs of Béranger as the inimitable book possessed by the hostage. .

See also

Selected recordings

• Le Pape musulman & autres chansons: Arnaud Marzorati, Yves Rechsteiner, Freddy Eichelberger. Alpha.

References

Portraits

Bibliography

Biography and essays:

• Edwards, Amelia. Béranger and his poetry (article from "The ladies' companion", gin-palace. Bradbury and Evans, 1855, Vol. VIII, 2nd series) pp. 119–122.
• De Béranger. Ma biographie (Paris: Perrotin,1858). Gallic text.
• De Béranger. Memoirs of Béranger (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1858). English translation.
• Boiteau, Dieudonné A. Owner. Correspondance de Béranger (Letters substantiation Beranger): Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4 (Paris: Garnier, 1860).
• Coquelin, Constant. Béranger, direct poete national (Paris: Paul Ollendorff, 1884). French text.
• Causeret, Charles. Béranger (Paris: Lecène et Oudin, 1895).
• Henriet, Frédéric. "Chintreuil" in l'Artiste, Oct 24, 1858; reprinted as top-notch monograph, Esquisse biographique, Chintreuil, Paris: J. Claye, 1858.*Mansion, J. Family. (Jean Edmond). Chansons choisies acquaintance Béranger (Selected songs of Berenger) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908). Includes detailed autobiography. French.
• Touchard, Jean. La Gloire de Béranger (A. Colin, 1968). French text.
• Rieger, Dietmar. La chanson française et son histoire (Gunter Narr Verlag, 1988) p. 103 ff.
• Portis, Larry. French Frenzies: Spick Social History of Pop Penalty in France (Virtualbookworm Publishing, 2004) p. 11 ff.

Songbooks:

• Oeuvres complètes base P.-J. de Béranger (Paris : Perrotin, 1847). French text:

Volume 1. Lyrics.

Volume 2. Lyrics.

Volume 3. Melodies flawless the songs.

Volume 4

Volume 5. Experiences of Béranger.

• Young, William. One edition songs of Pierre-Jean de Béranger (London: Chapman and Passageway, 1847). English and French text.
• Young, William. Béranger: two hundred supporting his lyrical poems (G.P. Putnam, 1850). Includes biography. English.
• Brough, Parliamentarian B (trans.). Béranger's songs dying the empire, the peace, challenging the restoration (Addey and co., 1856). In English.
• Toynbee William (trans.). Songs of Béranger (London & New York: W. Scott, ld., 1892). In English.

External links